Emergency department visits for pneumonia have been increasing, particularly among children and young adults. Some hospitals and college student health centers have reported clusters of cases of pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. National laboratory surveillance for respiratory viruses is also noting an increase in percent positivity for rhinovirus/enterovirus in PA. Testing for respiratory pathogens should be performed to guide appropriate management and treatment. PCR-based molecular tests are preferred for rapid and accurate diagnosis of both M. pneumoniae and rhinovirus/enterovirus. Antibiotics should not be used to treat viral infections. Macrolides are the first line of treatment for M. pneumoniae infections. Macrolide-resistant strains are emerging, but susceptibility testing is not generally available. Consider using tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones if a macrolide does not appear to be effective. Use transmission-based precautions (droplet and contact) to reduce spread in health care and community settings. Promote respiratory hygiene and encourage symptomatic individuals to stay at home. Encourage vaccination for influenza and other respiratory viruses to reduce the risk of co-infections. Report unusual clusters or outbreaks of respiratory illnesses to the Pennsylvania Department of Health by calling 1-877-PA-HEALTH (1-877-724-3258) or your local public health department. Individual cases of M. pneumoniae and rhinovirus infection are not reportable to the Department. The full HAN is available.
